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(from Bohemia)

  • 1 Codex Teplensis (c. 1400, a complete New Testament from Bohemia)

    Религия: "Кодекс Тепленсис"

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Codex Teplensis (c. 1400, a complete New Testament from Bohemia)

  • 2 bohemian

    bohemian [bəʊ'hi:mɪən]
    1 noun
    bohème mf
    bohème
    1 noun
    (from Bohemia) Bohémien(enne) m,f; (gypsy) bohémien(enne) m,f
    (of Bohemia) bohémien; (gypsy) bohémien

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > bohemian

  • 3 Кодекс Тепленсис

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Кодекс Тепленсис

  • 4 Codex Teplensis

    Религия: (c. 1400, a complete New Testament from Bohemia) "Кодекс Тепленсис"

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Codex Teplensis

  • 5 faceta de forma

    (n.) = Form facet
    Ex. Consider the subject 'Gothic mural painting in Bohemia and Moravia'; there are three foci here, Gothic, from the Time facet, mural, from the Form facet, and Bohemia and Moravia from the Place facet, all three facets within the basic class Painting.
    * * *
    (n.) = Form facet

    Ex: Consider the subject 'Gothic mural painting in Bohemia and Moravia'; there are three foci here, Gothic, from the Time facet, mural, from the Form facet, and Bohemia and Moravia from the Place facet, all three facets within the basic class Painting.

    Spanish-English dictionary > faceta de forma

  • 6 faceta de tiempo

    (n.) = Time facet
    Ex. Consider the subject 'Gothic mural painting in Bohemia and Moravia'; there are three foci here, Gothic, from the Time facet, mural, from the form facet, and Bohemia and Moravia from the Place facet, all three facets within the basic class Painting.
    * * *
    (n.) = Time facet

    Ex: Consider the subject 'Gothic mural painting in Bohemia and Moravia'; there are three foci here, Gothic, from the Time facet, mural, from the form facet, and Bohemia and Moravia from the Place facet, all three facets within the basic class Painting.

    Spanish-English dictionary > faceta de tiempo

  • 7 gótico

    adj.
    Gothic.
    * * *
    1 Gothic
    1 (idioma) Gothic
    ————————
    1 (idioma) Gothic
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [estilo, arte, letra] Gothic
    2) (=noble) noble, illustrious
    2.
    SM (Ling) Gothic
    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo Gothic
    II
    masculino Gothic
    * * *
    = Gothic.
    Ex. Consider the subject 'Gothic mural painting in Bohemia and Moravia'; there are three foci here, Gothic, from the Time facet, mural, from the form facet, and Bohemia and Moravia from the Place facet, all three facets within the basic class Painting.
    ----
    * arquitectura gótica = Gothic architecture.
    * estilo gótico = Gothic style.
    * letra gótica = gothic type, black letter.
    * novela gótica = Gothic novel.
    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo Gothic
    II
    masculino Gothic
    * * *

    Ex: Consider the subject 'Gothic mural painting in Bohemia and Moravia'; there are three foci here, Gothic, from the Time facet, mural, from the form facet, and Bohemia and Moravia from the Place facet, all three facets within the basic class Painting.

    * arquitectura gótica = Gothic architecture.
    * estilo gótico = Gothic style.
    * letra gótica = gothic type, black letter.
    * novela gótica = Gothic novel.

    * * *
    gótico1 -ca
    A
    1 ‹arte/catedral› Gothic
    2 ‹escritura/letra› Gothic
    A ( Arquit, Art) Gothic
    Compuestos:
    flamboyant Gothic
    late Gothic
    B ( Ling) Gothic
    * * *

    gótico
    ◊ -ca adjetivo

    Gothic
    gótico,-a adjetivo Gothic

    ' gótico' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    gótica
    English:
    Gothic
    * * *
    gótico, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [arte] Gothic
    2. [letra] Gothic
    3. [de los Godos] Gothic
    ♦ nm
    1. [estilo] Gothic
    Gótico flamígero flamboyant Gothic;
    Gótico florido flamboyant Gothic
    2. [lengua] Gothic
    * * *
    I adj Gothic
    II m ARQUI Gothic
    * * *
    gótico, -ca adj
    : Gothic

    Spanish-English dictionary > gótico

  • 8 pintura mural

    f.
    wall painting, mural, mural painting.
    * * *
    Ex. Consider the subject 'Gothic mural painting in Bohemia and Moravia'; there are three foci here, Gothic, from the Time facet, mural, from the form facet, and Bohemia and Moravia from the Place facet, all three facets within the basic class Painting.
    * * *

    Ex: Consider the subject 'Gothic mural painting in Bohemia and Moravia'; there are three foci here, Gothic, from the Time facet, mural, from the form facet, and Bohemia and Moravia from the Place facet, all three facets within the basic class Painting.

    Spanish-English dictionary > pintura mural

  • 9 Zizka, Count Jan

    SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour
    [br]
    b. c. 1376
    d. 11 October 1424 Pibyslav, Bohemia (now Czech Republic)
    [br]
    Bohemian soldier and armoured fighting vehicle pioneer.
    [br]
    Brought up in the court of King Wencelas IV of Bohemia, Zizka became a mercenary, fighting for the Poles and losing an eye in the process. In 1410 he returned to Bohemia and became a follower of the religious reformer Jan Hus, who was martyred five years later, although his Hussite movement continued after his death. In 1419 Wencelas died, and his half-brother, Sigismund, an anti-Hussite, attempted to secure the throne. The result was war. Zizka organized a peasant force, the Taborites, who quickly made their mark with their discipline and tactical originality. Not only was Zizka the first to handle his infantry, cavalry and artillery as one, but through the mounting of guns on armoured carts he also pioneered the concept of the armoured fighting vehicle as it is known today. In 1420 he overthrew Sigismund, but lost his remaining eye, and continued to fight against the forces of the Pope and other Hussite bands until his death from plague.
    CM

    Biographical history of technology > Zizka, Count Jan

  • 10 Ercker, Lazarus

    [br]
    b. c.1530 Annaberg, Saxony, Germany
    d. 1594 Prague, Bohemia
    [br]
    German chemist and metallurgist.
    [br]
    Educated at Wittenberg University during 1547–8, Ercker obtained in 1554, through one of his wife's relatives, the post of Assayer from the Elector Augustus at Dresden. From then on he took a succession of posts in mining and metallurgy. In 1555 he was Chief Consultant and Supervisor of all matters relating to mines, but for some unknown reason was demoted to Warden of the Mint at Annaberg. In 1558 he travelled to the Tyrol to study the mines in that region, and in the same year Prince Henry of Brunswick appointed him Warden, then Master, of the Mint at Goslar. Ercker later moved to Prague where, through another of his wife's relatives, he was appointed Control Tester at Kutna Hora. It was there that he wrote his best-known book, Die Beschreibung allfürnemisten mineralischen Ertz, which drew him to the attention of the Emperor Maximilian, who made him Courier for Mining and a clerk of the Supreme Court of Bohemia. The next Emperor, Rudolf II, a noted patron of science and alchemy, promoted Ercker to Chief Inspector of Mines and ennobled him in 1586 with the title Von Schreckenfels'. His second wife managed the mint at Kutna Hora and his two sons became assayers. These appointments gained him much experience of the extraction and refining of metals. This first bore fruit in a book on assaying, Probierbüchlein, printed in 1556, followed by one on minting, Münzbuch, in 1563. His main work, Die Beschreibung, was a systematic review of the methods of obtaining, refining and testing the alloys and minerals of gold, silver, copper, antimony, mercury and lead. The preparation of acids, salts and other compounds is also covered, and his apparatus is fully described and illustrated. Although Ercker used Agricola's De re metattica as a model, his own work was securely based on his practical experience. Die Beschreibung was the first manual of analytical and metallurgical chemistry and influenced later writers such as Glauber on assaying. After the first edition in Prague came four further editions in Frankfurt-am-Main.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    Die Beschreibung allfürnemisten mineralischen Ertz, Prague. 1556, Probierbuchlein.
    1563, Munzbuch.
    Further Reading
    P.R.Beierlein, 1955, Lazarus Ercker, Bergmann, Hüttenmann und Münzmeister im 16. Jahrhundert, Berlin (the best biography, although the chemical details are incomplete).
    J.R.Partington, 1961, History of Chemistry, London, Vol. II, pp. 104–7.
    E.V.Armstrong and H.Lukens, 1939, "Lazarus Ercker and his Probierbuch", J.Chem. Ed.
    16: 553–62.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Ercker, Lazarus

  • 11 Klic, Karol (Klietsch, Karl)

    [br]
    b. 31 May 1841 Arnau, Bohemia (now Czech Republic)
    d. 16 November 1826 Vienna, Austria
    [br]
    Czech inventor of photogravure and rotogravure.
    [br]
    Klic, sometimes known by the germanized form of his name Karl Klietsch, gained a knowledge of chemistry from his chemist father. However, he inclined towards the arts, preferring to mix paints rather than chemicals, and he trained in art at the Academy of Painting in Prague. His father thought to combine the chemical with the artistic by setting up his son in a photographic studio in Brno, but the arts won and in 1867 Klic moved to Vienna to practise as an illustrator and caricaturist. He also acquired skill as an etcher, and this led him to print works of art reproduced by photography by means of an intaglio process. He perfected the process c.1878 and, through it, Vienna became for a while the world centre for high-quality art reproductions. The prints were made by hand from flat plates, but Klic then proposed that the images should be etched onto power-driven cylinders. He found little support for rotary gravure, or rotogravure, on the European continent, but learning that Storey Brothers, textile printers of Lancaster, England, were working in a similar direction, he went there in 1890 to perfect his idea. Rotogravure printing on textiles began in 1893. They then turned to printing art reproductions on paper by rotogravure and in 1895 formed the Rembrandt Intaglio Printing Company. Their photogra-vures attracted worldwide attention when they appeared in the Magazine of Art. Klic saw photogravure as a small-scale medium for the art lover and not for mass-circulation publications, so he did not patent his invention and thought to control it by secrecy. That had the usual result, however, and knowledge of the process leaked out from Storey's, spreading to other countries in Europe and, from 1903, to the USA. Klic lived on in a modest way in Vienna, his later years troubled by failing sight. He hardly earned the credit for the invention, let alone the fortune reaped by others who used, and still use, photogravure for printing long runs of copy such as newspaper colour supplements.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1927, Inland Printer (January): 614.
    Karol Klic. vynálezu hlubotisku, 1957, Prague (the only full-length biography; in Czech, with an introduction in English, French and German).
    S.H.Horgan, 1925, "The invention of photogravure", Inland Printer (April): 64 (contains brief details of his life and works).
    G.Wakeman, 1973, Victorian Book Illustration, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles, pp. 126–8.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Klic, Karol (Klietsch, Karl)

  • 12 Brotan, Johann

    [br]
    b. 24 June 1843 Kattau, Bohemia (now in the Czech Republic)
    d. 20 November 1923 Vienna, Austria
    [br]
    Czech engineer, pioneer of the watertube firebox for steam locomotive boilers.
    [br]
    Brotan, who was Chief Engineer of the main workshops of the Royal Austrian State Railways at Gmund, found that locomotive inner fireboxes of the usual type were both expensive, because the copper from which they were made had to be imported, and short-lived, because of corrosion resulting from the use of coal with high sulphur content. He designed a firebox of which the side and rear walls comprised rows of vertical watertubes, expanded at their lower ends into a tubular foundation ring and at the top into a longitudinal water/steam drum. This projected forward above the boiler barrel (which was of the usual firetube type, though of small diameter), to which it was connected. Copper plates were eliminated, as were firebox stays.
    The first boiler to incorporate a Brotan firebox was built at Gmund under the inventor's supervision and replaced the earlier boiler of a 0−6−0 in 1901. The increased radiantly heated surface was found to produce a boiler with very good steaming qualities, while the working pressure too could be increased, with consequent fuel economies. Further locomotives in Austria and, experimentally, elsewhere were equipped with Brotan boilers.
    Disadvantages of the boiler were the necessity of keeping the tubes clear of scale, and a degree of structural weakness. The Swiss engineer E. Deffner improved the latter aspect by eliminating the forward extension of the water/steam drum, replacing it with a large-diameter boiler barrel with the rear section of tapered wagon-top type so that the front of the water/steam drum could be joined directly to the rear tubeplate. The first locomotives to be fitted with this Brotan-Deffner boiler were two 4−6−0s for the Swiss Federal Railways in 1908 and showed very favourable results. However, steam locomotive development ceased in Switzerland a few years later in favour of electrification, but boilers of the Brotan-Deffner type and further developments of it were used in many other European countries, notably Hungary, where more than 1,000 were built. They were also used experimentally in the USA: for instance, Samuel Vauclain, as President of Baldwin Locomotive Works, sent his senior design engineer to study Hungarian experience and then had a high-powered 4−8−0 built with a watertube firebox. On stationary test this produced the very high figure of 4,515 ihp (3,370 kW), but further development work was frustrated by the trade depression commencing in 1929. In France, Gaston du Bousquet had obtained good results from experimental installations of Brotan-Deffner-type boilers, and incorporated one into one of his high-powered 4−6−4s of 1910. Experiments were terminated suddenly by his death, followed by the First World War, but thirty-five years later André Chapelon proposed using a watertube firebox to obtain the high pressure needed for a triple-expansion, high-powered, steam locomotive, development of which was overtaken by electrification.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    G.Szontagh, 1991, "Brotan and Brotan-Deffner type fireboxes and boilers applied to steam locomotives", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 62 (an authoritative account of Brotan boilers).
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Brotan, Johann

  • 13 Taylor, John

    SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology
    [br]
    b. 16 August 1703 Norwich, England
    d. 17 September 1772 Prague, Bohemia
    [br]
    English oculist and exponent of surgical treatment of squint and cataract.
    [br]
    In 1722, employed as an apothecary's assistant, he studied surgery and especially diseases of the eye under Cheselden at St Thomas's Hospital, London. He returned to Norwich to practise, but in 1727 he assumed the role of itinerant surgeon oculist, with a particular reputation for putting eyes straight; at first he covered the major part of the British Isles and then he extended his activities to Europe.
    He obtained MDs from Basle in 1733, and from Liège and Cologne in 1734. In 1736 he was appointed Oculist to George II. It is likely that he was responsible for Johann Sebastian Bach's blindness, and Gibbon was one of his patients. The subject of considerable obloquy on account of his self-advertisement in the crudest and most bombastic terms, it is none the less certain that he had developed a technique, probably related to couching, which was considerably in advance of that of other practitioners and at least offered a prospect of assistance where none had been available.
    Dr Johnson declared him "an instance of how far impudence will carry ignorance". Without justification, he styled himself "Chevalier". He is said, not improbably having regard to his age, to have become blind himself later in life. His son carried on his practice.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    Further Reading
    1761, The History of the Travels and Adventures of the Chevalier John Taylor, Ophthalmiater, London.
    MG

    Biographical history of technology > Taylor, John

  • 14 sein

    n; -s, kein Pl. being; (Dasein) auch existence; Sein und Schein appearance and reality; mit allen Fasern seines Seins with every fib|re (Am. -er) of his being; Sein oder Nichtsein... to be or not to be...; es geht um Sein oder Nichtsein it is a question of survival ( oder a matter of life and death); das Sein bestimmt das Bewusstsein life determines consciousness
    * * *
    das Sein
    existence; being
    * * *
    [zain]
    nt -s, no pl
    being no art; (PHILOS) (= Existenz, Dasein auch) existence no art; (= Wesen, Sosein) essence, suchness

    Séín und Schein — appearance and reality

    Séín oder Nichtsein — to be or not to be

    * * *
    das
    1) (existence: When did the Roman Empire come into being?) being
    2) (used with a present participle to form the progressive or continuous tenses: I'm reading; I am being followed; What were you saying?.) be
    3) (used in giving or asking for information about something or someone: I am Mr Smith; Is he alive?; She wants to be an actress; The money will be ours; They are being silly.) be
    4) (belonging to a male person already spoken about: John says it's his book; He says the book is his; No, his is on the table.) his
    5) (belonging to it: The bird has hurt its wing.) its
    6) (used instead of his, his or her etc where a person of unknown sex or people of both sexes are referred to: Everyone should buy his own ticket.) their
    * * *
    <-s>
    [zain]
    nt kein pl PHILOS existence
    \Sein und Schein appearance and reality
    * * *
    das; Seins (Philos.) being; (Dasein) existence
    * * *
    sein1; ist, war, ist gewesen
    A. v/i
    1. allg be;
    sind Sie es? is that you?;
    am Apparat? who’s speaking ( oder calling)?;
    ist da jemand? is anybody there?;
    ach, Sie sind es! oh, it’s you;
    ich bin’s it’s me;
    hallo, ich bin der Holger hullo, I’m Holger;
    wer ist das (überhaupt)? who’s that?
    2. von Beruf, Nationalität, Herkunft, Religion etc: be;
    was ist dein Vater eigentlich (von Beruf)? what does your father actually do (for a living)?;
    ich bin Lektor von Beruf I’m an editor (by trade);
    von Beruf bin ich eigentlich Lehrer, aber ich arbeite als Autor I’m really a teacher (by profession), but I work as a writer;
    er ist Christ/Moslem/Buddhist he’s a Christian/Muslim/Buddhist;
    Engländerin? are you English?;
    er ist aus Mexiko he’s ( oder he comes) from Mexico;
    er ist wer umg he’s really somebody
    3. (existieren) be (alive);
    unser Vater ist nicht mehr form our father is no longer alive;
    ich denke, also bin ich I think therefore I am;
    wenn du nicht gewesen wärst if it hadn’t been for you
    4. vor adj etc, in best. Zustand, bei best. Tätigkeit: be;
    wir sind seit 1987/16 Jahren verheiratet we have been married since 1987/for 16 years;
    er ist schon lange tot he has been dead for a long time;
    sei(d) nicht so laut! don’t be so noisy, stop making such a noise;
    sei nicht so frech! don’t be so cheeky;
    sei so gut und … do me a favo(u)r and …, would you be so good as to …?;
    sei er auch noch so reich no matter how rich he is, however rich he may be;
    wie teuer es auch (immer) sein mag however expensive it may be;
    er ist beim Lesen he’s reading;
    sie ist am Putzen umg she’s doing the cleaning;
    die Garage ist im Bau the garage is being built;
    sie ist schon ein paar Mal im Fernsehen gewesen auch she’s made a few appearances on TV ( oder a few TV appearances);
    sie ist jetzt 15 Jahre she’s 15 now;
    es ist ein Jahr (her), seit it’s a year since, it was a year ago that;
    ich bin ja nicht so umg I’m not like that;
    sei doch nicht so! umg don’t be like that;
    du bist wohl! umg you must be crazy!;
    sei es, wie es sei be that as it may;
    wenn dem so ist umg if that’s the case, in that case
    5. (sich befinden, aufhalten) be;
    es ist niemand zu Hause there’s nobody at home;
    sie ist in Urlaub/zur Kur she’s on holiday/taking a cure;
    warst du mal in London? have you ever been to London?
    wie ist das Wetter bei euch? how’s the weather ( oder what’s the weather like) with you?;
    wie ist der Wein? how’s the wine?, what’s the wine like?;
    wie ist er so als Chef? what’s he like as a boss?;
    der Film/die Party war nichts umg the film (US auch movie)/party was a dead loss (US a washout)
    7. geeignet, bestimmt:
    Alkohol ist nichts für Kinder alcohol isn’t for children, children shouldn’t touch alcohol;
    das ist nichts für mich that’s not my cup of tea; (bin an Kauf etc nicht interessiert) that’s not for me;
    dies ist gegen die Schmerzen this is for the pain
    mir ist, als kenne ich ihn schon I have a feeling I know him;
    es ist, als ob … it’s as though …
    9. mit dat (sich fühlen):
    mir ist kalt I’m cold, I feel cold;
    mir ist schlecht I feel ill (besonders US sick);
    mir ist nicht nach Arbeiten umg I don’t feel like working, I’m not in the mood for work
    10. verantwortlich, schuldig etc:
    wer war das? (wer hat das getan?) who did that?;
    keiner will es gewesen sein nobody will admit they did it, nobody’s owning up;
    du bist es! beim Fangenspielen: you’re it
    11. mit zu (+inf):
    die Waren sind zu senden an … the goods are to be sent to …;
    das Spiel ist nicht mehr zu gewinnen the game can no longer be won, we can no longer win (the game);
    da ist nichts (mehr) zu machen umg there’s nothing to be done ( oder one can do);
    er ist nicht mehr zu retten he’s past saving; umg, fig he’s a lost cause, he’s beyond help;
    es ist nun an dir zu (+inf) it’s up to you to … now;
    es ist nicht an uns zu urteilen form it’s not for us to judge
    12. MATH etc:
    5 und 2 ist 7 five and two are ( oder is, make[s]) seven;
    3 mal 7 ist 21 three times seven is ( oder are, make[s]) twenty-one;
    x sei … let x be …
    13. meist unbestimmt, oft in umg Wendungen:
    ist was? umg is anything ( oder something) wrong?; auch provozierend: what’s the problem?;
    was ist mit dir? umg what’s the matter ( oder what’s wrong) with you?;
    so ist das nun mal umg that’s the way it is;
    nun, wie ist’s? umg well, what about it (then)?;
    wie ist es mit dir? umg what about you?;
    mit dem Urlaub war nichts umg the holiday didn’t work out, the holiday fell through;
    Nachtisch/Fernsehen ist heute nicht, Kinder umg there’s no sweet (US dessert)/television for you today, children;
    was nicht ist, kann ja noch werden umg there’s plenty of time yet;
    das war’s umg that’s it, that’s the lot;
    war das alles? is that all ( oder the lot)?;
    das wär’s für heute! umg that’s all for today
    etwas sein lassen (nicht tun) not do sth; (aufhören) stop doing sth;
    lass es sein stop it; (rühr es nicht an) leave it alone; (kümmere dich nicht drum) don’t bother;
    ich an deiner Stelle würde das sein lassen if I were you I wouldn’t have anything to do with it;
    am besten lassen wir es ganz sein we’d better forget all about it;
    muss das sein? do you have to?;
    was sein muss, muss sein whatever will be, will be;
    was soll das sein? what’s that supposed to be?;
    das kann sein, kann oder
    mag sein umg it’s possible, it could be;
    das kann nicht sein that’s impossible, it can’t be
    es sei denn(, dass) unless;
    sei es, dass … oder dass … whether … or …;
    wie wär’s mit einer Partie Schach? how ( oder what) about a game of chess?;
    na, wie wär’s mit uns beiden? umg how about the two of us getting together?;
    und das wäre? umg and what might that be?
    B. v/aux have;
    ich bin ihm schon begegnet I’ve met him before;
    die Sonne ist untergegangen the sun has set ( oder gone down);
    er ist nach Berlin gegangen he has gone to Berlin;
    ich bin bei meinem Anwalt gewesen I’ve been to see my lawyer;
    als die Polizei kam, war er schon verschwunden when the police arrived he had disappeared;
    er ist in Paris gesehen worden he has been seen in Paris;
    ich bin in Böhmen/1972 geboren I was born in Bohemia/in 1972;
    die Arbeiten sind beendet the jobs are finished;
    der neue Kanzler ist gewählt the new Chancellor has been elected
    sein2
    A. poss pr
    1. adjektivisch: his; Mädchen: her; Sache: its; Tier: meist its; Haustier: his, weiblich: her; Schiff, Staat: oft her; unbestimmt: one’s;
    sein Glück machen make one’s fortune;
    all sein bisschen Geld what little money he has ( oder had);
    Seine Majestät His Majesty;
    es kostet (gut) seine tausend Dollar it costs a good thousand dollars
    seiner, seine, sein(e)s, der (die, das) sein(ig)e his; Mädchen: hers;
    jedem das Seine to each his own;
    das Sein(ig)e tun do one’s share (bit umg); (sein Möglichstes tun) do one’s best
    B. pers pr (gen von er und es) of him; Mädchen: of her;
    er war seiner nicht mehr mächtig he had lost control of himself completely
    * * *
    das; Seins (Philos.) being; (Dasein) existence
    * * *
    nur sing. (Dasein) n.
    existence n. nur sing. n.
    being n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > sein

  • 15 sein1;

    ist, war, ist gewesen
    I v/i
    1. allg. be; sind Sie es? is that you?; wer ist dort oder am Apparat? who’s speaking ( oder calling)?; ist da jemand? is anybody there?; ach, Sie sind es! oh, it’s you; ich bin’s it’s me; hallo, ich bin der Holger hullo, I’m Holger; wer ist das ( überhaupt)? who’s that?
    2. von Beruf, Nationalität, Herkunft, Religion etc.: be; was ist dein Vater eigentlich ( von Beruf)? what does your father actually do (for a living)?; ich bin Lektor von Beruf I’m an editor (by trade); von Beruf bin ich eigentlich Lehrer, aber ich arbeite als Autor I’m really a teacher (by profession), but I work as a writer; er ist Christ / Moslem / Buddhist he’s a Christian / Muslim / Buddhist; sind Sie Engländer oder Engländerin? are you English?; er ist aus Mexiko he’s ( oder he comes) from Mexico; er ist wer umg. he’s really somebody
    3. (existieren) be (alive); unser Vater ist nicht mehr förm. our father is no longer alive; ich denke, also bin ich I think therefore I am; wenn du nicht gewesen wärst if it hadn’t been for you
    4. vor Adj. etc., in best. Zustand, bei best. Tätigkeit: be; wir sind seit 1987 / 16 Jahren verheiratet we have been married since 1987 / for 16 years; er ist schon lange tot he has been dead for a long time; sei(d) nicht so laut! don’t be so noisy, stop making such a noise; sei nicht so frech! don’t be so cheeky; sei so gut und... do me a favo(u)r and..., would you be so good as to...?; sei er auch noch so reich no matter how rich he is, however rich he may be; wie teuer es auch ( immer) sein mag however expensive it may be; er ist beim Lesen he’s reading; sie ist am Putzen umg. she’s doing the cleaning; die Garage ist im Bau the garage is being built; sie ist schon ein paar Mal im Fernsehen gewesen auch she’s made a few appearances on TV ( oder a few TV appearances); sie ist jetzt 15 Jahre she’s 15 now; es ist ein Jahr ( her), seit it’s a year since, it was a year ago that; ich bin ja nicht so umg. I’m not like that; sei doch nicht so! umg. don’t be like that; du bist wohl! umg. you must be crazy!; sei es, wie es sei be that as it may; wenn dem so ist umg. if that’s the case, in that case
    5. (sich befinden, aufhalten) be; es ist niemand zu Hause there’s nobody at home; sie ist in Urlaub / zur Kur she’s on holiday / taking a cure; warst du mal in London? have you ever been to London?
    6. qualitativ: wie ist das Wetter bei euch? how’s the weather ( oder what’s the weather like) with you?; wie ist der Wein? how’s the wine?, what’s the wine like?; wie ist er so als Chef? what’s he like as a boss?; der Film / die Party war nichts umg. the film (Am. auch movie)/ party was a dead loss (Am. a washout)
    7. geeignet, bestimmt: Alkohol ist nichts für Kinder alcohol isn’t for children, children shouldn’t touch alcohol; das ist nichts für mich that’s not my cup of tea; (bin an Kauf etc. nicht interessiert) that’s not for me; dies ist gegen die Schmerzen this is for the pain
    8. (scheinen): mir ist, als kenne ich ihn schon I have a feeling I know him; es ist, als ob... it’s as though...
    9. mit Dat (sich fühlen): mir ist kalt I’m cold, I feel cold; mir ist schlecht I feel ill (bes. Am. sick); mir ist nicht nach Arbeiten umg. I don’t feel like working, I’m not in the mood for work
    10. verantwortlich, schuldig etc.: wer war das? (wer hat das getan?) who did that?; ich war es (habe es getan) it was me; keiner will es gewesen sein nobody will admit they did it, nobody’s owning up; du bist es! beim Fangenspielen: you’re it
    11. mit zu (+ Inf.): die Waren sind zu senden an... the goods are to be sent to...; das Spiel ist nicht mehr zu gewinnen the game can no longer be won, we can no longer win (the game); da ist nichts ( mehr) zu machen umg. there’s nothing to be done ( oder one can do); er ist nicht mehr zu retten he’s past saving; umg., fig. he’s a lost cause, he’s beyond help; es ist nun an dir zu (+ Inf.) it’s up to you to... now; es ist nicht an uns zu urteilen förm. it’s not for us to judge
    12. MATH. etc.: 5 und 2 ist 7 five and two are ( oder is, make[s]) seven; 3 mal 7 ist 21 three times seven is ( oder are, make[s]) twenty-one; x sei... let x be...
    13. meist unbest., oft in umg. Wendungen: ist was? umg. is anything ( oder something) wrong?; auch provozierend: what’s the problem?; was ist mit dir? umg. what’s the matter ( oder what’s wrong) with you?; so ist das nun mal umg. that’s the way it is; nun, wie ist’s? umg. well, what about it (then)?; wie ist es mit dir? umg. what about you?; mit dem Urlaub war nichts umg. the holiday didn’t work out, the holiday fell through; Nachtisch / Fernsehen ist heute nicht, Kinder umg. there’s no sweet (Am. dessert)/ television for you today, children; was nicht ist, kann ja noch werden umg. there’s plenty of time yet; das war’s umg. that’s it, that’s the lot; war das alles? is that all ( oder the lot)?; das wär’s für heute! umg. that’s all for today
    14. mit Verben: etw. sein lassen (nicht tun) not do s.th.; (aufhören) stop doing s.th.; lass es sein stop it; (rühr es nicht an) leave it alone; (kümmere dich nicht drum) don’t bother; ich an deiner Stelle würde das sein lassen if I were you I wouldn’t have anything to do with it; am besten lassen wir es ganz sein we’d better forget all about it; muss das sein? do you have to?; was sein muss, muss sein whatever will be, will be; was soll das sein? what’s that supposed to be?; das kann sein, kann oder mag sein umg. it’s possible, it could be; das kann nicht sein that’s impossible, it can’t be
    15. im Konjunktiv es sei denn(, dass) unless; sei es, dass... oder dass... whether... or...; wie wär’s mit einer Partie Schach? how ( oder what) about a game of chess?; na, wie wär’s mit uns beiden? umg. how about the two of us getting together?; und das wäre? umg. and what might that be?
    II Hilfsv. have; ich bin ihm schon begegnet I’ve met him before; die Sonne ist untergegangen the sun has set ( oder gone down); er ist nach Berlin gegangen he has gone to Berlin; ich bin bei meinem Anwalt gewesen I’ve been to see my lawyer; als die Polizei kam, war er schon verschwunden when the police arrived he had disappeared; er ist in Paris gesehen worden he has been seen in Paris; ich bin in Böhmen / 1972 geboren I was born in Bohemia / in 1972; die Arbeiten sind beendet the jobs are finished; der neue Kanzler ist gewählt the new Chancellor has been elected
    —
    I Poss. Pron.
    1. adjektivisch: his; Mädchen: her; Sache: its; Tier: meist its; Haustier: his, weiblich: her; Schiff, Staat: oft her; unbestimmt: one’s; sein Glück machen make one’s fortune; all sein bisschen Geld what little money he has ( oder had); Seine Majestät His Majesty; es kostet ( gut) seine tausend Dollar it costs a good thousand dollars
    2. substantivisch: his; seiner, seine, sein(e)s, der (die, das) sein(ig)e his; Mädchen: hers; jedem das Seine to each his own; das Sein(ig) e tun do one’s share (bit umg.); (sein Möglichstes tun) do one’s best
    II pers. Pron. ( Gen von er und es) of him; Mädchen: of her; er war seiner nicht mehr mächtig he had lost control of himself completely

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > sein1;

  • 16 Boublin

    A cotton cloth made in Bohemia and used locally by women for summer dresses. It is in 2 X 2 twill weave, about 20's warp, 24's weft, varying threads per inch from 40 X 42, and dyed green, blue, and purple.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Boublin

  • 17 Senefelder, Alois

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    b. 6 November 1771 Prague, Bohemia (now Czech Republic)
    d. 26 February 1834 Munich, Germany
    [br]
    German inventor of lithography.
    [br]
    Soon after his birth, Senefelder's family moved to Mannheim, where his father, an actor, had obtained a position in the state theatre. He was educated there, until he gained a scholarship to the university of Ingolstadt. The young Senefelder wanted to follow his father on to the stage, but the latter insisted that he study law. He nevertheless found time to write short pieces for the theatre. One of these, when he was 18 years old, was an encouraging success. When his father died in 1791, he gave up his studies and took to a new life as poet and actor. However, the wandering life of a repertory actor palled after two years and he settled for the more comfortable pursuit of playwriting. He had some of his work printed, which acquainted him with the art of printing, but he fell out with his bookseller. He therefore resolved to carry out his own printing, but he could not afford the equipment of a conventional letterpress printer. He began to explore other ways of printing and so set out on the path that was to lead to an entirely new method.
    He tried writing in reverse on a copper plate with some acid-resisting material and etching the plate, to leave a relief image that could then be inked and printed. He knew that oily substances would resist acid, but it required many experiments to arrive at a composition of wax, soap and charcoal dust dissolved in rainwater. The plates wore down with repeated polishing, so he substituted stone plates. He continued to etch them and managed to make good prints with them, but he went on to make the surprising discovery that etching was unnecessary. If the image to be printed was made with the oily composition and the stone moistened, he found that only the oily image received the ink while the moistened part rejected it. The printing surface was neither raised (as in letterpress printing) nor incised (as in intaglio printing): Senefelder had discovered the third method of printing.
    He arrived at a workable process over the years 1796 to 1799, and in 1800 he was granted an English patent. In the same year, lithography (or "writing on stone") was introduced into France and Senefelder himself took it to England, but it was some time before it became widespread; it was taken up by artists especially for high-quality printing of art works. Meanwhile, Senefelder improved his techniques, finding that other materials, even paper, could be used in place of stone. In fact, zinc plates were widely used from the 1820s, but the name "lithography" stuck. Although he won world renown and was honoured by most of the crowned heads of Europe, he never became rich because he dissipated his profits through restless experimenting.
    With the later application of the offset principle, initiated by Barclay, lithography has become the most widely used method of printing.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1911, Alois Senefelder, Inventor of Lithography, trans. J.W.Muller, New York: Fuchs \& Line (Senefelder's autobiography).
    Further Reading
    W.Weber, 1981, Alois Senefelder, Erfinder der Lithographie, Frankfurt-am-Main: Polygraph Verlag.
    M.Tyman, 1970, Lithography 1800–1950, London: Oxford University Press (describes the invention and its development; with biographical details).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Senefelder, Alois

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